Swot Analysis of Bisleri Essay Example

Swot Analysis of Bisleri Essay SWOT Analysis of Bisleri 1. Strength:- The strength of Bisleri are as follows:- a. Pioneer of packaged drinking water:- Bisleri is the pioneer of the packaged drinking water segment, so whenever one refers to the packaged drinking water the first name that comes is mind is of Bisleri. So popularity of Bisleri in packaged drinking water segment is very high as it is the pioneer of the packaged drinking water. Eg:- whenever a customer wants to buy an packaged drinking water the first name that comes to his mind is of Bisleri , bisleri has became an generic name for packaged drinking water. b. Innovation of the PET bottles:- Bisleri company was the first to launch the PET water which has better water transparency and the sparkling clear water was made visible to the customers via this bottles, the sales of Bisleri boost after they innovated the PET bottles. c. Main Focus on Mineral water segment:- After the company sold its coldrinks brands to Coca-Cola in 1993 for 400 crores the entire focus of the company was only on the packaged drinking water segment , as a result the number of new products were launched by the company in packaged drinking water segment that boost up its sales. . Bisleri have high water quality standard:- About 6 steps are involved in the complete purification of the mineral water at the Bisleri, so the quality standard of the Bisleri water is very high. e. Building of trust among the people regarding bisleri due to its high quality:- Bisleri was the pioneer of the packaged drinking water segment, they have been able to sustain for such long time in th e market only because of the trust they have been able to build in the minds of the customer by providing high quality water. . Vast Distribution System:- Bisleri have an vast distribution system through which they have been able to provide bisleri bottles in each and every corner of India. Bisleri have been able to reach rural areas of India also where the purity of water is the main problem among the peoples of rural areas. g. Better Understanding of the Customer needs:- Bisleri have launch wide range of products like 500ml bottle, 1. 2 litre bottle, 20 litre water cans by studying the various different needs of the customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Bisleri specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Bisleri specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Bisleri specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They have launch small bottles that is helpful for the travelling peoples, large cans for household purposes. Better understanding of the customer needs is very important for any company to sustain in the market, and is also helps the company to increase its sales. h. Increasing popularity of Bisleri in mineral water segment:- As bisleri was the pioneer of the packaged drinking water so it is the most popular in that segment and it is on every customer tongue whenever mineral water segment is been considered. The popularity of bisleri is increasing day by day and so are its profit margins. Small pack along with its bulk packs are most popular in the packaged drinking water segment. i. Unique Design to stop piracy:- Bisleri have launched unique break away seal bottle caps that are unique in it kinds and cannot be imitated. By launching such caps the company has been able to control the piracy of the bisleri bottles. 2. Weaknesses:- Weaknesses of Bisleri are as follows:- a. Faulty Reuse of the packaged drinking bottles:- After the mineral water bottle is consumed by the customer , the used bottles are been used by other peoples that fill it with water of low quality and sell it again in the market. b. Lack of Proper strategy for the use of used bottles:- Bisleri lacks an good strategy that will help them in proper use of the used bottles by the customer i. e Recycling. Proper recycling strategy will help them to cut down the cost of production of the PET bottles and will also help them to control the piracy done through used bottles. c. Low profit margin to the dealers:- In order to sustain in the growing competitive market of the packaged drinking water segment , Bisleri is trying to provide its bottle at comparative lower rate that reduces its profit which ultimately reduced the dealer margins, so many dealers are not keeping bisleri in many areas due to low profit margins. d. Faulty Packaging Accident in 2000:- BIS cancels Bisleri’s license of a water bottling in Delhi since some of the bottles did not carry ISI label, that affected the reputation of the company. e. Fault in Production:- The most hiped production fault of bisleri occurred in 2002 when an insect was found in one of the Bisleri Bottles, that accident affected the trust of bisleri among the customers . f. Unable to meet the demands:- As the distribution policy of Bisleri is not up to the mark , it is unable to meet the demands in particular areas of the country like south nd eastern part of India. 3. Opportunities:- Opportunities in front of Bisleri are as follows:- 1. Growing market in the packaged drinking water segment:- The market of the packaged drinking water is increasing at higher rate as the packaged water is able to provide purified water which is portable and is available in all parts of the country. Market for the packaged drinking water is increasing every year that is at tracting many more companies towards this segment. 2. Bisleri can utilize its brand name for increasing sales:- As bisleri has pioneered the packaged drinking water segment , it has became an generic term for mineral water. Bisleri can make use of its popularity to increase its sales in such an growing market of the packaged drinking water segment. 3. Expansion in Europe and America:- Bisleri have made plans to venture out in Europe and America to sell bottled water, this will help bisleri to create an international brand image. 4. Launch of New products depending on its brand name:- Bisleri can launch new products depending on its established brand name in the market, like launching high price premium bottles with different packaging that will give tough competition to established players in premium packaged water segment. 4. Threat:- 1. Attraction of other companies in the packaged drinking water segment:- As the market of packaged drinking water is increasing year by year, this is attracting various other players to enter in the market of packaged drinking water. If more players enter in this market the profit margin of bisleri will definitely be affected. 2. Availability of cheap water purifiers in the market:- The water purifiers are now made available to the customers at lower prices which is now attracting the customers of the bulk segment of Bisleri. 3. Piracy:- Despite of the launch of tamper-proof and tamper-evident seal the company is not able to control the piracy of the bottles which is taking place through the used bottles of bisleri. Due to improper recycling strategy the used bottles of bisleri are pirated at an higher rate by the local manufactures. 4. Competition from establishes players like Pepsi and Coca-Cola:- Bisleri biggest threat are the established players like Pepsi and Coca-Cola which have vast distribution network as compared to Bisleri. Due to distribution problems bisleri is not able to meet the demands in particular areas of the country which is diverting the minds of the customer to various other brands which have stronger distribution networks and the local manufactures. . Decreasing Ground Water level:- The ground water level is decreasing year by year due to extensive drilling done , as bisleri requires approx 3 litres of ground water to produce 1 litre of its mineral water. Decreasing water level is also one of the major threat to the packaged drinking water company. New Product that should be launched by Bisleri:- According to me Bisleri should launch its products in the energy drink segmen t. There are not many players of energy drink in India, the major energy drink player in Indian is XXX energy drink. As Bisleri is the most popular packaged drinking water brand , it should utilize its brand name in launching the energy drink which contains mainly glucose and should have and Indian touch for the Indian market like the â€Å"Nimbu-paani† flavor. Brand name along with the Indian touch and high amount of Glucose are the factors that will help Bisleri to achieve high sales and profit in this sector of energy drink. As there are not many players in the energy drink market it is simple for Bisleri to utilize its brand name to establish its position in the energy drink market.

Conventions of Academic Writing Essays

Conventions of Academic Writing Essays Conventions of Academic Writing Paper Conventions of Academic Writing Paper Writing Research Papers, A Complete Guide. 2010 Thirteenth Edition (3-8)

The Amazing Staying Power of the American Secretary

The Amazing Staying Power of the American Secretary The world is a very different place than it was nearly three-quarters of a century ago. From the cars we drive to the way we communicate, the landscape is completely changed. Well, not completely. One thing that remains the same? According to data from the U.S. Census, the most common job for women was secretary in 1950, and remains so today. Many of these jobs include data entry specialist jobs. Lets take a closer look at this phenomenon.A Look at the NumbersAccording to the U.S. Census Datas most recent American Community Survey Equal Employment Opportunity Tabulation, 3.8 million women were employed as secretaries and administrative assistants during the 2006-2010 period. This accounts for a whopping 97 percent of the near four million secretaries currently working the U.S., according the Bureau of Labor Statistics.According to further Census data, cashiers claimed the number two spot for working women with 2.8 million women holding cashier positions around the country, while 2.7 million women elementary school and middle school teachers rounded out the top three.This doesnt mean that the job market hasnt changed for women in other ways, however. The Census data reveals significant increases in women veterinarians, physicians and surgeons, and dentists. In other words, while the times in some ways have stayed the same, they are also in the immortal words of Bob Dylan a-changin.The 21st Century SecretaryIn 1950, the Census defined the category as stenographers, typists or secretaries, Today, the category comprises secretaries and administrative assistants. While the nature of the tasks may have evolved, the overall job description remains the same: to perform routine clerical and administrative tasks.And despite ongoing predictions that secretaries will be made obsolete by technology, the fact remains that they are an essential part of the American economy. In fact, secretary and administrative positions are available in nearly every industry from the fina ncial sector and legal offices to schools, hospitals and the government. Growth is expected to remain consistent with the national average around 12 percent over the next decade or so. A large factor in this growth? The aging out due to retirement of a large portion of the workplace.One of the reasons secretary jobs remain popular is that they dont typically require a college degree, and can be learned on the job over the course of a few weeks or months, depending on the industry. However, as success in the workplace increasingly necessitate the acquisition of technological skills, aspiring secretaries with computer skills in addition to basic office skills will be in greater demand.Secretaries with certain specialized skill sets are also well-positioned for career growth, while others may see less interest in the years ahead. For example, while jobs for medical secretaries are expected to grow by a whopping 36 percent between 2012 and 2022 due to changes in the healthcare system, jobs for legal secretaries are expect to decline due to the rise of paralegals.Another reason secretary and administrative assistant jobs remain popular? Theres plenty of room for growth. While the average median pay is $35,330, it rises as high as $47,500 with top earners making nearly $60,000. Many of these are executive level assistants with advanced training and experience.Looking to join the ranks of secretaries the backbone of many American offices for the past 65 years? If so, basic office, computer, and English grammar schools are required. Many of these skills can be acquired at community colleges and technical schools. Additionally, the International Association of Administrative Professionals Certified Administrative Professional (CAP) certification further demonstrates initiative and competency to potential employers.From The Beverly Hillbillies Miss Hathaway to The Offices Pam Halpert nà ©e Beesley, the American secretary is not only an major part of popular culture, but also of the real world existence of many women and the workplaces which depend on them. Wondering whether a secretary or administrative job is right for you and/or what positions are out there? Visit TheJobNetwork to find a match from hundreds of job sites.

Consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Consumer behaviour - Essay Example The recent and contemporary marketing concept brings into limelight the piece of information that with the fulfillment of the needs and wants of the target market or the customers, the organization is more likely to accomplish and achieve their goals and objectives. Furthermore, with the contentment of the customers in a more effective and persuasive manner than that of the competitors, the enterprise would get an edge over their competitors (Hoyer & Macinnis, pp. 16-20, 2009). One of the important elements of marketing that facilitates the organization in acquainting and understanding the buying patterns of the products and services of the customers. Many of the important questions that includes when, why, how and where people have a tendency to buy a particular product or service come under the analysis and examination in consumer behavior. Furthermore, the study of consumer behavior will assist the businesses and organizations not only to attract new customers, but will also support in retaining the old and current customers that will eventually lead the organization to survive and sustain in the distant future. (Silk &  Harvard Business School, pp. 47-53, 2006). In addition, the study of consumer behavior also helps and endeavors to comprehend and identify the factors on which the decisions of the customers depend and rely on made either on individual basis or in groups. Therefore, it is considerably an imperative and vital feature of marketing manage ment segment. According to the definition, consumer behavior is â€Å"The totality of consumers’ decision with respect to the acquisition, consumption, and disposition of goods, services, activities, experiences, people, and ideas by (human)decision-making units (over time)† (Hoyer &  Macinnis, pp.3, 2009) Data resulting from the demography such as age, gender, income, education, behavioral temperament are they key distinctive and distinguishing characteristics used in the research of consumer behavior. Moreover, how the families, friends, reference groups, culture, and community play a dominant and persuasive role are also the principal and prime attributes in the studies and evaluations of consumer behavior. As the study of the buying pattern of the customers is a multifaceted and complex process where numerous aspects influence and affects the pattern, therefore, huge amount of money and a lot of time comes under spending and consumption by the enterprises and the ir marketing departments (East &  Wright & Vanhuele, pp. 3-10, 2008). Thus, this practice comes under performance in order to identify and distinguish the causes of the decisions on which the consumers make their purchasing of a particular product or service. Interests, actions and behaviors, like and dislikes, perceptions, beliefs, and communication and dealing with

Benefits and Cons of Home Schooling Research Paper

Benefits and Cons of Home Schooling - Research Paper Example These tend to find it very difficult to cope in a working environment, and some even have problems getting employment because they do not have the necessary skills to do the jobs which they aspire to. To combat this, many parents are finding it worthwhile to teach their children themselves, and this has made home schooling very popular with a growth rate of ten to fifteen percent every year. Statistics show that home schooled children tend to do better than those in public schools, but despite this there have also been arguments against it with some saying that education is not all about getting good grades but also about learning social skills, which, as many feel, these children do not have (Wolfe). In this paper, we shall discuss the pros and cons of home schooling, and at the end of it we shall determine whether it is the best way of educating children. One of the benefits of home schooling is the fact that the students are able to study whatever topics or subjects they want and for as long as they want while also covering what can be considered to be basic knowledge (Ryan). This helps a lot when determining their areas of interest and what field they would like to specialize in as the focus of their further education. Since this is determined early, home schooled students tend to work towards their life goals at an earlier age, and it is a common thing for them to be done with their education much earlier than their colleagues in public schools are. Not only are they able to comprehend better what they are taught, but the idea that they are being allowed to do the subject that they want to do acts as a motivator for them to work even harder. The basic education of a home schooled student can be completed between the ages of six and ten according to their ability. This ensures that they have all the time they need to concentrate on their subjects of interest until are well versed in them or when they are ready to do other subjects that have caught their int erest. Educational freedom gives the student enough time not only to study what they wish at a specific time but also helps in their mental and academic development as there is no pressure to do those subjects they do not want to do in a hurry. Home schooling allows for the physical freedom not only of the students involved but also of their parents as well because their lives no longer revolve around school hours but are determined by the amount of school work which has been set for the students for a particular day. After being withdrawn from the public school system, it is a very normal situation for students to suffer from shock, but after the initial shock is gone, subsequently these students experience a new sense of freedom, which they never experienced while they were in the school system. They not only get to have more free time on their hands because home schooling is not as rigorous as the public schooling, but they also get to spend more time with their families, which i s a very aspect. This helps to promote better understanding between the parents and their children and is an advantage over many students in the public school system. Those in the school system tend to have less freedom of movement because they have to work for long hours every day, and when they come home, they always have homework to do,

Waste Management Strategies Essay Example for Free

Waste Management Strategies Essay Waste Management is the process of disposing, managing and monitoring of our waste materials. These important steps help us to reduce or eliminate the effects it has on our health and the environment. By practicing waste management we are observing our consumption of resources and working to reduce the hazardous waste used. These practices can provide enormous change in our lives and give hope to future generations. We need to promote and implement resourceful recovery practices. These are recycling, composting, energy initiatives and recovery, waste prevention and many more. The key component is to encourage improvements in our environmental efficiencies which will eliminate waste. Managing waste is an important undertaking that will bring back the necessary balance in our environment. Most of our waste materials have actually been caused by our daily human activity. Some example would be the disposal of our waste in landfills or when we burn waste in incinerators. These options, we have found, created further environmental problems. These results would be the wind scattering the trash which then landed in our waterways and ecosystems. Even toxic liquids would leak through the landfill absorbing the additional harmful substances and polluting the environment. Ultimately, all the waste materials create serious hazardous effects on our environment which we have had to implement better ways. Well, we do have options, capabilities and yes, some limitation with the various types of wastes management available. We seriously must take better care to protect our health, lives, and the environment. Steps to promote recycling and reusing have been a popular method to manage our waste. Other disposable options have been on the rise in usage. High on the list are composting, open burning, well monitored incineration, rendering, and   other treatment and disposals methods. Reusing and recycling still remains the most popular waste management practice. It certainly helps in the protection of the environment and the added value is the saving of our resources and promoting a cleaner world. Read more: Proper Waste Management in the Philippines Prior to World War II, we lived in a world where we used and reused our materials. In the past, we placed much emphasis and value on our resources, tools and materials. It was the norm to return, reuse and recycle materials. It was the norm, necessary and only way to live. But, with the rebuilding of our world came new ideas and new ways to provide resources to our businesses, households and communities. Many found that the quicker and more convenient way to consume products, materials and substances became increasingly popular and available to all. So, the start of using cans and replacing glass bottles had been implemented because of less costs and convenience. Regrettably, along with the returnable deposits declined came the waste problems. Even though companies found the easiness of using cans helped boost their sales in the beverage industry they could not ignore the negative effects of waste. By 1960, approximately half the beers were distributed and sold in cans but soft drinks were still sold in refillable glass bottles. Gradually the shift from refillable soft drink in a bottle was the way of the past. The use of cans now caught on with the beverage industry. Sadly, this resulted in can being littered throughout the communities and lead to the serious waste problem. Yes, businesses profited from the change. The success was far too good even when the environmentalists with proposing a bottle bills law could not reverse the new trend. This law stated a mandatory refundable deposit on beer and soft drink containers to encourage returns. This bottle bill law required a minimum refundable deposit to insure more recycling or reuse of materials to protect our recourses. The system was known as the deposit refund system which remains today. The beverage industry did support this bill but wanted a guarantee of the return of their glass bottles to be washed, refilled, and resold for reproduction. This would help to reduce beverage containers being litter and ultimately conserve our precious natural resources. It would help to reduce the amount of solid  waste going into landfills and promote recycling. But, quite frankly, it really hasn’t affected overall change because many other industries have created so much waste and have not followed in the footsteps to recycle. We do have more work ahead to remodel the habits and behavior of our world. The deposit laws for container have been a tremendous success. These initiatives which New York has implemented have created a cleaner and healthier environment. The Environmental Protection Agency funding was estimated to increase to approximately just under $20 million. This will guarantee proceeds to strengthen their ability to enforce the requirements to sell only containers with deposits paid on them. The returnable container act will reduce roadside litter, recycle billions of containers at no cost to government, save over 50 billion barrels in oil, and eliminate hundreds of millions in greenhouse gases a year. By recycling our beverage cans and bottles we can save energy and protect our environment. It has been noted that recycling aluminum cans saves nearly all of the energy required to make them. Also, recycling beverage containers will greatly reduce the litter and lessens the burden on landfills. We have learned to reduce energy and raw materials consumption means the reduction in pollution. We know that pollution has been the cause of acid rain, smog, mercury-poisoning in lakes, rivers and stream, and ultimately global warming world-wide. So, to protect our environment we need to implement and encourage ways of healthy more effective, harmonious, product living styles. Some do find that those measure are unnecessary and in effective. We do know that recycling containers with a deposit amount can increase the rates from 75% to 95% but these containers only account for 5% of our waste stream. The value placed on incentives for containers encourages recycling but the deposit system cost more than the drop off curb side program. The individual finds collecting and depositing containers easier then businesses who find it problematic and burdensome on their storage and transportation expenses. Those who support the container laws find that it does reduce litter but those who disagree believe that a comprehensive litter control  program would be more efficient and effective. The opposition confirms that only 8.5% of general litter is actually beverage containers. Since the bottle bill has been an overwhelming success then to include other non-carbonated drinks would be a good idea. It certainly shows that it takes the same amount of time, money and energy to include other drinks. We have seen additional litter from these non-carbonated drink containers. We have the statistics showing the increased recycling due to the beverage container laws. Yes, the responsibility to provide these programs sits with these non-carbonated drinks. Forcing these laws would be touchy politically but encouraging them would be worth it. Even though some would agree that the price of the non-carbonated drinks would increase due to the added responsibility dealing with these recycling programs. But those who were opposed to the law would agree with alternative legislation that supports all. In Massachusetts, they are celebrating their 30th anniversary of the bottle bill. From inception, it has been estimated that 35 billion carbonated drink containers have been exchanged through the program. Even the Massachusetts Coalition gave praises on the updates and changed to the bill over the years. It is most definitely agreed that it has contributed to a healthier environment, cleaner and safer communities, and a stronger economy. These programs are an excellent example of corporate responsibility for the beverage companies. They have managed the problems of littering, environmental pollution intern paid to help clean it up. Much research is being done in developing plastic that is degradable. This exciting possibility could be the key to lowering the environmental impact. Plastic is nearly indestructible and is difficult to recycle and hard to breakdown. Bio-plastic is derived from biomass sources that are mixed with oil base materials. The Oxo-bio has great advantages as it has it can degrade completely without living residue but oxygen is required for the process to occur. This can occur on land and in the water and the oxo-bio will not harm other plastics in the recycling system. Oxo-bio does not have a future in the plastic container industry which will bring great value to the fight against environmental pollution. Certainly, addressing the solid waste, overall inclusive deposit container law, recycling and litter issues with a comprehensive approach that will emphasize solutions that are effective and efficient will be much better as a whole. Some key areas to address and promote are education and awareness, efficient and effective solutions, curbside recycling program, balance and equitable treatment in all areas for the waste producers, and finally the administration, implementation and enforcement of these waste management laws. References Australia. Queensland Government. Community Health. Waste Management Why Management Is Important. N.p., 22 Jan. 2008. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.health.qld.gov.au/ehworm/waste_management/why_management.asp Nahnson, Jerry A. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/553362/solid-waste-management Bottle Bill Resource Guide. Bottle Bill Resource Guide. Container Recycling Institute, n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.bottlebill.org/ Daily, Steven, ed. Container Deposit Laws (Bottle Bills). Container Deposit Laws (Bottle Bills) (n.d.): n. pag. Container Deposit Laws (Bottle Bills). Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.lawserver.com/law/articles/container-deposit-laws-bottle-bills History of Deposit / Return Systems or â€Å"Bottle Bills†. State Environmental Resource Center. Wisconsin Office of Defenders of Wi ldlife, n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.serconline.org/bottlebill/background.html Hamou, Jamal. Definition of Waste Management. Waste Management. EcoLife A Guide to Green Living, n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.ecolife.com/define/waste-management.html United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Waste Management for Homeland Security Incidents. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 15 Nov. 2012. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/osw/homeland/consid.htm Recycling and Composting. NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/294.html Expand the Bottle Bill Neighborhood Network. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.longislandnn.org/stewardship/deposit.htm Bottle Bill, The Sequel. The Valley Advocate: News -. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.valleyadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=16283 The Future of Plastics Is There a Solutin to This Huge Waste Management Problem? Globe-Net.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.globe-net.com/articles/2013/june/11/the-future-of-plastics-is-there-a-solution-to-this-huge-waste-management-problem/

British parlimentary Reform 1832-1928 :: essays research papers

The unreformed British parliamentary system was undemocratic, it excluded the majority of the population from voting including all women most working class men, many middle class men and all the poor. Its distribution of seats was inadequately representative and excluded important towns. It included rotten boroughs, the occasional sale of seats, corruption, bribery, intimidation, violence and plural voting. The system was dominated by the aristocracy and gentry, and many seats were uncontested. Lang, (1999). The purpose of this essay is to identify the factors that led to the nineteenth century parliamentary reform and go on to assess the impact that the reform made. Around the middle of the nineteenth century an extensive debate took place in Britain on the nature and desirability of ‘democracy.’ Who should be allowed to vote in general elections? Should the franchise be limited, as in the past, to those who had special qualifications, such as the ownership of property, which the rental value had to be at least at least 40 shillings per annum, and those who had an economic stake in the country? Property owners argued that the old system had worked in the past so surely it would continue to do so – and that the wealthy were naturally superior to the poor. Pearce, Stern, (1994). Others believed that the franchise was restricted and haphazard and that the qualifications for voting were outdated and illogical in their view every man had the right to vote, all men had been created equally and therefore all were entitled to a say in the way they were governed. A small but growing number also believed that women should have the vote on precisely the same terms as men. The population of England and Wales doubled between 1801-1851 many parishes began to burst at the seams. Towns like Birmingham, Manchester, Bradford and Leeds were seeing large population increases due to industrial growth. Earl Grey proposed such towns needed representation in the House of Commons, this would lead to large increase in the voting population if the proposal was successful. On the other hand rotten boroughs were parliamentary constituencies that had over the years declined in size, but still had the right to elect members of the House of Commons. Most of the constituencies were under the control and influence of just one man, the patron. As there were only a few individuals with the vote and no fair voting method (secret ballot) which encouraged bribery and corruption as it was easy for potential candidates to buy their way to victory.